The method of the twentieth century is to use not single but multiple models for experimental exploration—the technique of the suspended judgment. Only a fraction of the history of literacy has been typographic. Until now a culture has been a mechanical fate for societies, the automatic interiorization of their own technologies. The techniques of uniformity and repeatability were introduced by the Romans and the Middle Ages. The word “modern” was a term of reproach used by the patristic humanists against the medieval schoolmen who developed the new logic and physics.